GCEMS Protocol:

 

• adult and pediatric pain management

 

Indications:

 

• Pain of musculoskeletal origin, particularly fractures and burns
• suspected ischemic chest pain

 

Contraindications:

 

• Patients who cannot comprehend verbal instructions
• altered mental status
• suspected pneumothorax
• abdominal pain and distension suggestive of bowel obstruction

 

Side Effects:

 

• headache
• dizziness
• giddiness
• nausea
• vomiting

 

Adult:

 

• self-administered only using fixed 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen blender

 

Peds:

 

• over the age of 5 years old: self-administered only using fixed 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen blender